![]() Since the proposed model was based on a sequential flow network of several production processes, discrete-event simulation was chosen as an appropriate simulation technique. Model entities were moving through a sequence of blocks where they were processed, delayed, seized, or released. Discrete-event simulation is one of them and operates at a low or medium-low abstraction level with the goal of simulating a production process, for instance. Modern simulation modeling, as a tool to create a less complex model of the real world, can use different techniques. It uses the results of discrete-event simulation on a fab level to verify the novel concept. This paper aims to develop an extension to the existing Operating Curve concept by investigating the effect of utilization on energy efficiency. To detect the individual energy consumption types of a wafer fab, a process- and infrastructure-oriented discrete-event simulation model was developed that serves as a tool to determine the plant energy consumption within a fab. At the same time, machine sensors tracking consumption are rare, and the share of fixed and variable energy consumption is often unknown. The semiconductor industry emits carbon dioxide from its large amounts of consumed energy. Exact regulations on the EU level in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive exist as a proposal to date, and companies should plan to apply them retrospectively for 2023 (European Commission 2021). The European Green Deal by the European Commission (2022) has set the guidelines for Europe to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Note that now some passengers first go to the ticket windows to buy a ticket and only then pass through ticket control gates.The latest governmental policies aim to mitigate the carbon impact on the climate and accelerate the transition towards carbon neutrality by imposing stronger regulations on companies. Type windows (the name of our PedServices object) in the Service (PedServices) field.
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